GASTECH 2025 Review: decarbonisation technology trends in shipping
With the IMO 2030 interim target and 2050 carbon-neutrality goal looming, the global shipping and shipbuilding industries are testing a wide range of solutions: alternative fuels, auxiliary propulsion, and carbon capture. Below is a comprehensive review of the four technology pillars discussed at GASTECH 2025 (Milan).
1. Ammonia Propulsion
Industry voices framed ammonia gas turbines as "ready for immediate commercialisation," yet limitations co-exist: lack of real-vessel validation data on efficiency, safety, operational reference, and cargo penalties.
Key Challenges:
- Establishing safety protocols for explosivity and toxicity
- Building port infrastructure (storage, supply)
- Validating fuel efficiency under actual operating conditions
2. Hydrogen Propulsion
Liquefied hydrogen energy density and storage are advancing rapidly, but economics and infrastructure remain significant challenges.
3. Wind-Assisted Propulsion
- A range of technologies — sails, rotors, kites — are reaching commercial deployment
- Verified fuel savings of 15–30%
- Applicable as a retrofit on existing vessels
4. CCUS (Carbon Capture, Utilisation and Storage)
Maritime CCUS is still at the demonstration stage, but compact onboard carbon-capture units are under development.
Comprehensive Assessment
No single technology can serve as a silver bullet. Decarbonising shipping requires a portfolio approach: fuel diversification, energy efficiency improvements, and operational optimisation. Policy consistency and clear market signals will be the decisive variables guiding technology choices.